Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 9(7), 715–716 Status cataplecticus precipitated by abrupt withdrawal of venlafaxine. Cataplexy: ‘tonic immobility’ rather than ‘REM-sleep atonia’?. (2007, December 1). Practice parameters for the treatment of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias of central origin: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Highlights of prescribing information.
(2014, June 10). Cataplexy-clinical aspects, pathophysiology and management strategy. Elevated Tribbles homolog 2–specific antibody levels in narcolepsy patients.
We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. To help avoid injury from occurring with cataplexy: In regards to safety, even if an individual senses the onset of an episode, injury is very possible with cataplexy. In addition, abrupt withdrawal of venlafaxine can potentially cause rebound cataplexy. However, evidence supporting the use of antidepressants for cataplexy is varied. These include venlafaxine, a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant, and tricyclic antidepressants such as clomipramine, imipramine, and desipramine. Other medications that may help control symptoms are antidepressants. This medication should not be used in conjunction with alcohol or any other central nervous system (CNS) depressant due to the risk of respiratory depression and other significant CNS depressant effects. Possible adverse effects are dizziness, headache, and nausea. Sodium oxybate is effective in reducing both the frequency and intensity of attacks. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cataplexy. Sodium oxybate at doses between 6 and 9 grams (g) nightly is the medication approved by the U.S.
limiting exposure to light in the evenings.making the bedroom quiet and relaxing and keeping it at a comfortable, cool temperature.striving for at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep, or the amount that normally makes you feel refreshed.keeping a consistent sleep schedule, including getting up and going to bed at the same time every day, even on weekends or during vacations.There is no cure for cataplexy, and treatment is symptom management with good sleep hygiene practices and the use of medication as necessary.Īdditionally, safety measures should be put in place to avoid serious injury that can result from falls. On average, a person with cataplexy will experience one or more episodes each week. The frequency of cataplectic episodes varies from less than one per year to several per day. This autoimmune response causes trib 2 antibodies to form, which target and kill the neurons in the brain that produce hypocretin. It is thought that narcolepsy may be an autoimmune disorder, but more research is needed.Ī study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation in 2010 revealed that the loss of hypocretin is caused by an autoimmune response targeting tribbles homolog 2 (trib 2) autoantigens. People with cataplexy have been found to have a certain human leukocyte antigen, variations in T-cell receptors, or dysfunctional immune system responses to certain antigen exposures. Hypocretin is a neurotransmitter involved in the promotion of wakefulness within the sleep/wake cycle, The exact underlying cause of this intrusion is unknown, but a loss of neurons that produce hypocretin (also known as orexin) is thought to be a major contributing factor. The REM sleep disassociation hypothesis suggests that cataplexy is the muscle paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep intruding into waking hours.
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